Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Lidocaine
Adyphren Amp Kit
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Posicaine N
Septanest Sp
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Allerject
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics
Adrenalin
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Epipen
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Xylocaine
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Lixtraxen 1%
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)
Epinephrine Injection USP
Symjepi
Epinephrine 0.3 Adults
EpiPen
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Numquick Analgesic
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Ephinephrine
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
EpiPen Jr
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
Sensorcaine
Anapen
Articaine
Neffy
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Septanest N
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
Lidocaine Hci
Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Lidosite
Vivacaine
Adyphren II Kit
Xylocaine with epinephrine
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
QKit Procedure Tray
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Adyphren Kit
Vasocaine
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Orabloc
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Prime Asthma Relief
Zone 2
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Epipen Jr
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
Marcaine E
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Lignospan Standard
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Articadent
The Solution
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
Ana-kit
EPY II Kit
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
D-Care 100X
Pro Numb
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Orabloc 1:200,000
Epinephrine Pediatrics
Primatene Mist
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Adrenaclick
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Citanest Forte
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
Orostat 8%
Xylocaine MPF
Auvi-Q
Twinject
Adrenalin Vials
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Ultacan
Sensorcaine Mpf
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
Octocaine 50
Ultacan Forte
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Gingi-pak Pellets
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
EpinephrineSnap-V
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Lignospan Speciale Inj
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Leep RediKit
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Marcaine
Epinephrine
Emerade
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Minnerva II
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
EPY Kit
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Adyphren Amp II Kit
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Epinephrinesnap-V
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Taroclick Epinephrine
Dysne Inhal
LIDOCAINE HCl
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Adrenalin(r)
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Zorcaine
Sensorcaine Forte
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Lignospan Forte
Epinephrine Professional
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Septocaine
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Anapen Junior
Ultracaine DS Inj
Blue Gel Anesthetic
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Epinephrine Injection
Orabloc 1:100,000
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Posicaine Sp
Primatene Mist Refill
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Medihaler-Epi
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Indication
Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
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